Thursday 21 January 2021

Weekly Irrigation Requirement$ Summary – Driving Water Productivity

This update provides ‘reference evapotranspiration’ (ETo) information to assist with improved irrigation scheduling for top yields and high water productivity.

The interactive irrigation scheduling tool helps you determine the most productive timing for the next surface irrigation for your unique circumstances.  It uses the same ETo information in the tables below.

PLANT WATER REQUIREMENTS

Recent water requirements

• The water requirement for our reference crop of pasture (ETo) over the past 7 days was 47mm (0.47ML /ha), which is 5mm less than the previous week (52mm) and 3mm less than the long-term January average (50mm), at Kyabram. See the tables and graphs below
• Weekly cumulative ETo is forecast to be significantly higher over the next 7 days, at Kyabram. See tables and graphs below
• Tomorrow (Friday), Saturday, Sunday and particularly Monday, are days to watch out for. See graphs below
• A small amount of rain is forecast on Tuesday at this stage

UPCOMING IRRIGATION WATER AVAILABILITY

Water allocation update

• Last Friday, water allocations were updated for sMDB systems
• The Victorian Murray system increased from 90% HRWS to 96% HRWS
• NSW Murray increased from 43% GS to 46% GS
• The Murrumbidgee system increased from 77% GS to 100% GS and from 95% HS to 100% HS
• Of importance in terms of over-all sMDB water availability, is that on the Murrumbidgee the inflows and reduced losses resulted in what was described as only a “moderate improvement”.  Full allocations to General Security entitlement (100% “GS”) were achieved by spilling of water user accounts which hit the 100% limit.  (The Murrumbidgee GS account limit is 100% of entitlement, which includes carryover plus new allocation.)

UPCOMING EVENTS

Water trade webinar 

• The second webinar in the AgVic irrigation webinar series, “Where is the water market heading in the long-term?” will be held on 28^th January 2021.  Next Thursday
• This webinar will provide estimates of future sMDB water allocation prices based on expert insights and detailed modelling of the key drivers of the water market
• More details can be found here

Internet of Things farm grant webinar

• LX Group, a supplier for the AgVic On-Farm Internet of Things (IoT) Trial, is holding technology webinars for farmers interested in applying for an IoT grant
• Grant applications close 5pm, Friday 29^th January 2021. Next week!
• More information about the IOT Trail and the grants can be found here

SOIL TEMPERATURE

• The soil temperature measured by a capacitance probe at 9am today (Thursday 21 Jan) under ‘surface irrigated pasture’ at 10cm depth at Lancaster was 17oC, 1oC less than last week (14 Jan)
• This time last year (21 Jan 2020), the soil temperature was 18oC

LAST WEEK’S REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION⁺ – Pasture Irrigation Requirement$

Weekly Totals – Thurs 14 Jan to Wed 20 Jan 2021

Tip:  To convert mm to megalitres /ha, divide by 100.  Eg. 50mm = 0.5ML /ha

Important:  The “required surface irrigation interval” shown in these tables is calculated only using cumulative ETo and needs to be considered in conjunction with rainfall on your farm.  For example, this time of the year (January) for each 7mm of effective rain on your property, typically an extra day can be added to the “required surface irrigation interval” for pasture.

NEXT WEEK’S FORECAST REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION – Pasture Irrigation Requirement$^¥

Weekly Totals – Thurs 21 Jan to Wed 27 Jan 2021

DAILY ETo and rainfall – last week & next week

 ——————————————————————-

You can follow on Twitter and Facebook or to receive this weekly post as a weekly email contact  robert.oconnor@agriculture.vic.gov.au

——————————————————————–

For more detail about using evapotranspiration data refer to this Agriculture Victoria fact sheet “What is evapotranspiration and how do I use it to schedule irrigations” or this scientific paper.

The intention of this service is not for this information to be used in isolation when making decisions about irrigation timing.  ETo data provides another handy tool in your irrigation ‘tool box’ and needs to be used in conjunction with other preferred scheduling methods and updated weather information.

If you have any questions, comments or feedback related to this service please don’t hesitate to contact me, Rob O’Connor at robert.oconnor@agriculture.vic.gov.au. 

irriSAT (Ctrl click) is a free Australian web based irrigation scheduling tool that uses satellite ‘vision’ to tailor irrigation scheduling for your paddocks and crops.

If you would like 7-day forecast ETo (and rainfall, temperature and wind) for any selected location/s emailed to you daily, click here.

⁺ Reference evapotranspiration (“ETo”).  Refers to the evapotranspiration from an actively growing, well-watered, grass stand 120mm in height.

* ETo and rainfall data sourced from the  Bureau of Meteorology

^# ETo and rainfall data sourced from the Queensland government’s SILO web site based on climate data provided by the Bureau of Meteorology.  This is “triangulated” data – based on calculations and measurements from the closest weather stations which are not on-site.  Comment: SILO ETo data generally appears to be slightly lower than BOM ETo data.

^~ “Rainfall R.”  Where a rainfall event is less than 2mm it is unlikely to be listed.  Any rain in excess of that which fills the soil profile (or reduces ‘cumulative ETo-R’ back below the estimated RAW) also needs to be disregarded in terms of plant available moisture.  Because rainfall can vary over short distances, irrigators are encouraged to collect and use their own rainfall figures for their farm.

^x  “Dairy pasture crop coefficient.”  For crops other than pasture refer to this fact sheet for discussion of an appropriate crop coefficient “What is evapotranspiration and how do I use it to schedule irrigations?”

^ The “Average (daily) ETo” is simply calculated by dividing the total weekly cumulative ETo by 7 days.
^@ To calculate the “Required surface irrigation interval” it is assumed there is 40mm of ‘readily available water’ in the pasture root zone.  eg.  Required surface interval =  40mm  ÷  average (daily) ETo, plus 2 days to allow for excess water to drain away following a surface irrigation event.  (Where SILO ETo data is used – Kerang, Echuca, Yarrawalla and Numurkah, 1day is added rather than 2 days because SILO ETo figures are appearing to be slightly lower than BOM ETo figures.)
^> “Spray irrigators need/ed to apply.”  This figure is based only on evapotranspiration minus rainfall (“ETo – R”) and assumes a good spray uniformity and application efficiency.  If a spray irrigation system has compromised spray uniformity or application efficiency, then more water will need to be applied to best meet plant needs.   Typically with pressurised irrigation systems, irrigations will be applied more regularly than once per week in summer to optimise plant growth.

¥ “Next weeks forecast reference evapotranspiration – pasture irrigation requirement.”  These figures are sourced from the BOM.  Unfortunately this is a ‘fee for service’ arrangement and the forecast ETo figures are not publically available.

——————————————————————————–